Political Science 228
Latin American Politics: Research and Analysis
Spring, 2000, Tuesday 2:00-4:50pm
Instructor: Jonathan Hartlyn
Tel. 962-6880 Email: hartlyn@email.unc.edu
Office hours: Mon., 2-4pm; or by appt.
223 E. Franklin St., 2nd floor
This course is intended to provide an introduction to alternative approaches and principal conceptual elements in the study of contemporary Latin American politics. As in comparative politics more generally, there is currently no single dominant over-arching paradigm, theory or approach in Latin American politics. Instead, there are overlapping and at times contradictory approaches fueled by different research agendas and questions, methodological proclivities and normative concerns.
This course will begin with a brief introduction to perspectives and approaches which marked the study of Latin American politics over the past several decades. It will then focus on issues of democracy, democratic transitions and democratic consolidation, including the contested nature of these concepts, and the nature of multiple challenges to or the arenas of democratization in the region. Particular attention will be paid to alternative kinds of explanations focused on historical-structural and political-institutional factors. The course will then explore a number of these themes in the context of several country case studies. The last several weeks will be devoted to graduate student presentations of research projects.
Requirements:
I. A. In order to have good (stimulating, scintillating, sparkling, etc.) class seminar discussions, we must all do the readings prior to the class sessions and come to class with comments and questions. For two class sessions, seminar members will be asked to prepare these comments in writing, concluding their short papers (3-5pp.) with questions for discussion. A copy of this paper should be emailed to me by Monday 9am (and any other seminar member who so desires), and two copies of this paper should be placed on reserve in the Political Science/Sociology Library (271 Hamilton) Monday 9am as well. General participation in class discussions (quality, not just quantity) will also count toward the final grade (40%).
B. For March 7 all seminar members are to prepare a 7-10 page paper. First, do the required reading for that week. Then, read one political scientist's or political sociologist's "first book" that emerged (in some close or distant fashion) from their dissertation and that is related to Latin America. An illustrative list of potential books is provided (the book to be read may be selected based in part on your intended research or literature review paper, see below). Write a paper which presents (a) the central question(s) the book seeks to answer and how (theory), (b) the main answers or arguments it presents (empirical material), and (c) the apparent methodology it employed to attain those answers. How did it collect information? If it employed interviews, how many did it do, how were people selected and how formal a questionnaire was employed? If it did statistical analysis, what data did it employ and what methods were used? A dissertation (and thus, by inference, a publication based on a dissertation) is intended to be an original contribution to knowledge. Explain why you think the book merited publication (or, if you don't think it did, why others in the field may have). What were its main strengths in terms of theory, empirical material and methodology? What were its main weaknesses in these three areas: Did it seek to confirm, disconfirm, modify or create new "theory"? Was its major contribution empirical? How explicitly was its methodology presented, in what tradition would you categorize it and how rigorous was it (e.g., what did you think of its case selection criteria)? Two copies of this paper are due Friday, March 3rd at 9:00am (15%); one for the instructor (place in his Poli Sci Dept box in Hamilton Hall) and one to be placed on reserve at the Political Science/Sociology library on the 2nd floor of Hamilton Hall. (Do NOT email these papers to me). The class session of March 7 will be devoted to a discussion of research methods and objectives based on our collective reading of your papers, the articles above, as well as on any of our other relevant readings or life experiences. To provide everyone time to complete the reading, no extensions for the deadline for completing your papers can be granted.
II. Write a research paper, or (for seminar members with less background in Latin America) write a review of the literature paper; in either case, topics should be chosen in consultation with the instructor. Paper outlines and a preliminary bibliography (3-4pp.) are due on March 28. Students will give oral presentations on their proposed topic the last two/three weeks of the semester. The paper is due Monday, May 8 at 4:00 pm (45%).
Readings
Extensive readings will be drawn from the following books which are available for purchase in the bookstore:
Larry Diamond, Jonathan Hartlyn, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds., Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America, 2nd Edition (Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999);
Felipe Agüero and Jeffrey Stark, eds., Fault Lines of Democracy in Post‑transition Latin America (North South Center Press of the University of Miami distributed by Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998);
Ruth Collier, Paths Toward Democracy: the Working Class and Elites in Western Europe and South America (Cambridge University Press, 1999) .
In addition, various readings will be drawn from the following books, and thus some of you may wish to purchase copies of them in the bookstore:
Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern, Europe, South America, and Post‑communist Europe (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996);
Guillermo O'Donnell, Counterpoints: Selected Essay on Authoritarianism and Democratization (Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1999); and
Terry Lynn Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro‑states (Univ. of California Press, 1997).
Other readings are on reserve.
Valuable web sites include: http://www.georgetown.edu/LatAmerPolitical/ (Political Database); http://lanic.utexas.edu/ (UT-Lanic); http://www.aceproject.org/ (IDEA on elections); http://lib.nmsu.edu/subject/bord/laguia/ (Internet Resources for Latin America).
READING ASSIGNMENTS
January 18: Introduction and organization
Recommended
Peter H. Smith, "The Changing Agenda for Social Science Research on Latin America," in Smith, 1995.
Arturo Valenzuela, "Political Science and the Study of Latin America," April 1985 ms., also in Mitchell, 1988.
January 25: Introduction to the field and a review of past perspectives: modernization, political culture, corporatism, dependency.
Required
Samuel P. Huntington, "The Goals of Development," in Weiner and Huntington, 1987.
J. Samuel Valenzuela and Arturo Valenzuela, "Modernization and Dependency: Alternative Perspectives in the Study of Latin American Underdevelopment," 1978.
Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi, "Modernization: Theories and Facts," 1997.
Readings by Wiarda and Cardoso and Faletto in Klarén and Bossert, 1986.
Gary Gereffi, “Rethinking Development Theory: Insights from East Asia and Latin America,” in Kincaid and Portes, eds., 1994.
Philippe Schmitter, "Still the Century of Corporatism?" in Pike and Stritch, 1974.
David Collier, "Trajectory of a concept: 'Corporatism' in the Study of Latin American Politics," in Smith, ed., 1995.
Recommended
Note: Those who find Cardoso and Faletto especially difficult reading may wish to examine Joseph A. Kahl's, Modernization, Exploitation and Dependency in Latin America, or its 2nd edition, Three Latin American Sociologists, for a useful summary of Cardoso's analyses.
Reading by Lambert and Silvert in Klarén and Bossert, 1986.
Readings in Howard Wiarda, ed., New Directions in Comparative Politics.
Glen Dealy, "The Pluralistic Latins," Foreign Policy No. 57 Winter 1984-85, pp. 108-127.
Peter Evans, "After Dependency: Recent Studies of Class, State, and Industrialization," Latin American Research Review 20 no. 2 (1985), pp. 149-60.
Tony Smith, "The logic of dependency theory revisited," International Organization 35 (Autumn 1981), pp. 755-61.
Gary Gereffi, The Pharmaceutical Industry and Dependency in the Third World.
Peter Evans, "Introduction to the Second Edition" [of Joseph Kahl's book].
Tina Rosenberg, Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America.
Lawrence Harrison, Underdevelopment is a State of Mind and The Pan-American Dream.
Ross E. Burkhart and Michael S. Lewis-Beck, "Comparative Democracy: The Economic Development Thesis," APSR, 88: 4 (Dec 1994), pp. 903-10.
February 1: The state, BA, debt crisis
Required
Theda Skocpol, "Bringing the State Back In," and Evans, Rueschemeyer and Skocpol, "On the Road Toward a More Adequate Understanding of the State," in Evans, Rueschemeyer and Skocpol, 1985.
Linz and Stepan, 1996, “‘Stateness,’ Nationalism, and Democratization,” pp. 16-37.
Terry Karl, The Paradox of Plenty, 1997, pp. 3-22; 138-242.
Evelyne Huber, "Assessments of State Strength," in Smith, 1995.
David Collier, "Industrial Modernization and Political Change: A Latin American Perspective," 1978.
Guillermo O’Donnell, “Tensions in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State and the Question of Democracy,” Counterpoints, 1999. (Also recommended is “On the Fruitful Convergences of Hirschman’s Exit, Voice and Loyalty and Shifting Involvements: Reflections from the Recent Argentine Experience”).
Hector Schamis, "Reconceptualizing Latin American Authoritarianism in the 1970s: From Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism to Neoconservatism," 1991.
Stark, “Globalization,” in Agüero and Stark, eds., 1998.
Recommended
Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy.
Barbara Geddes, Politician's Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America.
Alfred Stepan, The State and Society, pp. 3-81.
Martin Carnoy, The State and Political Theory.
Ruth Collier, Regimes in Tropical Africa.
James Scott, Seeing Like a State, 1998.
David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America.
Karen Remmer and Gilbert Merkx, "Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism Revisited," and Guillermo O'Donnell, "Reply to Remmer and Merkx," Latin American Research Review 17 (1982), pp. 3-50.
Hartlyn and Morley, "An Overview of Political Regimes and Economic Performance in Latin America," and "Political Regimes and Economic Performance in Latin America," in Hartlyn and Morley, eds., Latin American Political Economy.
F. H. Cardoso, "On the Characterization of Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America," in David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America.
Joel Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States.
Stephen Krasner, "Approaches to the State," Comparative Politics 16 (Jan. 1984), pp. 223-246.
Stephen Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy.
Haggard and Kaufman, 1995.
Oxhorn and Starr, 1999.
February 8: Democracy and democratization: issues in conceptualization and historical analysis
Required
Collier and Collier, Shaping the Political Arena, pp. 3-23; 745-774.
Rueschemeyer, Huber Stephens and Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy, chapters 5 and 7.
Diamond, Hartlyn and Linz, “Preface” and “Introduction: Politics, Society, and Democracy in Latin America,” in Diamond, Hartlyn, Linz and Lipset, eds., 1999.
Collier and Levitsky, "Democracy 'With Adjectives': Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research," 1997.
Articles by Schedler, O’Donnell and commentators in Schedler, Diamond, and Plattner, 1999, pp. 13-71.
Guillermo O’Donnell, “Democratic Theory and Comparative Politics,” presented to APSA, August 1999.
Recommended
Larry Diamond, Developing Democracies, 1999.
Jonathan Hartlyn and Arturo Valenzuela, "Democracy in Latin America since 1930," in Leslie Bethell, ed., Cambridge History of Latin America, Vol. VI Part 2, 1994.
Robert Dahl, Polyarchy.
Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market.
Collier and Adcock, 1999.
Karl and Schmitter, 1991.
Huber, Rueschemeyer and Stephens, 1997.
February 15: Democratic transitions and democratic consolidation
Required
Ruth Berins Collier, Paths Toward Democracy.
Linz and Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, 1996, chaps. 1, 4 and 5.
Hartlyn, “Political Continuities, Missed Opportunities, and Institutional Rigidities: Another Look at Democratic Transitions in Latin America,” in Mainwaring and Valenzuela, 1998a.
Agüero (chap. 1) and Agüero and Stark (conclusion) in Agüero and Stark, 1998.
Recommended
Rustow, 1970.
O'Donnell & Schmitter, Tentative Conclusions ... pp. 15‑64.
Karl, "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," 1990.
Nancy Bermeo, "Rethinking Regime Change," Comparative Politics Vol. 22 (April 1990), pp. 359-377.
Howard Wiarda, "Latin American Democracy: The Historic Model and the New Openings," in H. Wiarda, ed., The Continuing Struggle for Democracy in Latin America.
Daniel Levine, "Paradigm Lost: Dependence to Democracy," World Politics Vol. 40 No. 3 (April, 1988), pp.
Jorge Nef, "Review Essay: The Trend Toward Democratization and Redemocratization in Latin America: Shadow and Substance," Latin American Research Review Vol. 23 No. 3 (1988), pp. 131-153.
Arthur MacEwan, "Transitions from Authoritarian Rule," Latin American Perspectives Vol. 15 No. 3 (Summer 1988), pp. 115-30.
Daniel Levine, "Paradigm Lost: Dependence to Democracy," World Politics 40:3 (April 1988).
Peter Smith, "Crisis and Democracy in Latin America," World Politics Vol. 43 (July 1991), pp. 608-34.
Glenn Adler and Eddie Webster, "Challenging Transition Theory: The Labor Movement, Radical Reform, and Transition to Democracy in South Africa," Politics & Society Vol. 23 No. 1 (March 1995), pp. 75-106.
Terry Karl and Philippe C. Schmitter, "Modes of Transition in Latin America, Southern and Eastern Europe," International Social Science Journal No. 128 (May 1991), 269‑84.
Gerardo L. Munck and Carol Skalnik Leff, “Modes of Transition and Democratization: South America and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective,” Comparative Politics 29:3 (April 1997), 343-62.
Article, rejoinder and response, O’Donnell, 1996 (also in Counterpoints, 1999), Gunther et. al., 1996; O’Donnell, 1996a.
Hartlyn, 1998.
Schedler, 1998.
Schneider, 1995.
February 22: Civil society and social movements
Required
Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, and Arturo Escobar, “Introduction: The Cultural and the Political in Latin American Social Movements” in Alvarez, Dagnino, and Escobar, 1998, pp. 1-29.
Orin Starn, 1999, chap. 5, pp. 192-223.
Larry Diamond, 1999, chaps. 5 and 6.
Keck, "Social Equity and Environmental Politics in Brazil: Lessons from the Rubber Tappers of Acre," 1995: 409-24.
Navarro & Bourque and Degregori in Agüero and Stark, eds., 1998.
Linz and Stepan, 1996, chap. 14.
Recommended
T. H. Marshall, “Citizenship and Social Class,” in Class, Citizenship, and Social Development.
Susan Eckstein, "Power and Popular Protest in Latin America," in Susan Eckstein, ed., Power and Popular Protest.
Scott Mainwaring and Eduardo Viola, "New Social Movements, Political Culture and Democracy: Brazil and Argentina in the 1980s," Telos #61 (Fall, 1984), pp. 17-52.
Arturo Escobar and Sonia Alvarez, eds., The Making of Social Movements in Latin America.
Alejandro Portes, Manuel Castells and Lauren Benton, The Informal Economy
Elizabeth Jelin, "Citizenship Revisited: Solidarity, Responsibility, and Rights," in Jelin and Hershberg, eds., Constructing Democracy: Human Rights, Citizenship, and Society in Latin America.
Jonathan Fox, "The Difficult Transition from Clientelism to Citizenship: Lessons from Mexico," World Politics 46:2 (January 1994), pp. 151‑184.
Lagos, 1997.
Yashar, 1996.
February 29: How and what do we study?
Required
David Collier "The Comparative Method," in Finifter, 1993.
"The Qualitative-Quantitative Disputation," APSR Vol. 89 No. 2 (June 1995), pp. 454-81.
Stephen Van Evera, Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science, 1997, esp. pp. 43-95 (“Methodology Myths,” “What are Case Studies?” and “What is a Political Science Dissertation?”)
Papers by classmates.
Recommended
King, Keohane and Nye, Designing Social Inquiry.
Alan Zuckerman, Doing Political Science: An Introduction to Political Analysis, esp. chapter 3.
Mark Lichbach and Alan Zuckerman, Comparative Politics: rationality, culture and structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Atul Kohli; Peter Evans; Peter J. Katzenstein; Adam Przeworski; Susan Hoeber Rudolph; James C. Scott; Theda Skocpol. “ The role of theory in comparative politics: a symposium.” World Politics, Oct 1995 v48 n1 pp. 1-49.
Philippe C. Schmitter, "Comparative Politics," in Joel Krieger, ed., The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World.
Gabriel Almond, "Approaches to Developmental Causation," in Almond, Flanagan and Mundt, eds., Crisis, Choice, and Change: Historical Studies of Political Development.
Gabriel Almond and Stephen Genco, "Clouds, Clocks and the Study of Politics," World Politics Vol. 29 (July 1977), pp. 489-522.
Charles Ragin, The Comparative Method.
Harry Eckstein, "Case study and theory in political science," in Fred Greenstein and Nelson Poslby, eds., Handbook of political science Vol. VII.
Alexander George and Timoth McKeown, "Case Studies and Theories of Organizational Decision Making," Advances in Information Processing in Organizations Vol. 2 (1985), pp. 21-58.
Articles by Achen and Snidal, George and Smoke, Jervis, Lebow and Gross Stein and Downs in World Politics Vol. 41 (January 1989).
Barbara Geddes, "How the Cases You Choose Affect the Answers You Get: Selection Bias in Comparative Politics," Political Analysis Vol. 2 (1990), pp. 131-150.
Chapter 2 in Rueschemeyer, Huber Stephens and Stephens.
Collier and Mahoney, 1996.
March 7: The state, the military and the judiciary
Required
Fitch, The Armed Forces and Democracy in Latin America, 1998, pp. 1-60; 175-213.
Hunter and Bustamante chapters in Agüero and Stark, eds., 1998.
José Zalaquett, “Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation: Lessons for the International Community,” in Arnson, ed., 1999.
Frühling and Holston and Caldeira chapters in Agüero and Stark, eds., 1998.
Linn Hammergren, “Fifteen Years of Judicial Reform in Latin America: Where we are and why we haven’t made more progress,” 1998ms.
Guillermo O’Donnell, “Polyarchies and the (Un)rule of Law in Latin America: A Partial Conclusion,” in Méndez, O’Donnell and Pinheiro, eds., 1999.
Recommended
Méndez, O’Donnell and Pinheiro, eds., 1999.
Pinheiro, 1996.
Neil Kritz, ed., Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes (Washington DC, United States Institute of Peace, 1995).
Consuela Cruz and Rut Diamint, “The New Military Autonomy in Latin America,” Journal of Democracy 9:4 (October 1998), 115-27.
Carlos H. Acuña and Catalina Smulovitz, "Adjusting the Armed Forces to Democracy," in Jelin and Hershberg, eds., Constructing Democracy: Human Rights, Citizenship, and Society in Latin America, 13‑38.
Manuel Antonio Garretón, "Human Rights in Democratization Processes," in Jelin and Hershberg, eds., pp. 39‑56.
Kirk Bowman, “Taming the Tiger: Militarization and Democracy in Latin America,” Journal of Peace Research 33:3 (Summer 1996), 289ff.
J. Samuel Fitch, "Democracy, Human Rights, and the Armed Forces in Latin America," in Hartlyn, Schoultz and Varas, eds. The United States and Latin America in the 1990s: Beyond the Cold War.
Joseph Thome. 1998. “Searching for Democracy: The Rule of Law and the Process of Legal Reform in Latin America.” Ms.
Colazingari and Rose-Ackerman, 1998.
March 14: Spring break (and LASA)
March 21: Political institutions (presidentialism, separation of powers, political parties)
Required
Frances Hagopian chapter in Agüero and Stark, eds., 1998.
Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Shugart, “Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal,” 1997a, pp. 449-71.
Mainwaring and Shugart, “Conclusion,” in Mainwaring and Shugart, eds., 1997.
Juan J. Linz, "Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?," in Linz and Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy, pp. 59‑74.
Mainwaring and Scully, "Introduction" and "Conclusion" to Mainwaring and Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America, 1995.
Scott Morgenstern and Gary Cox, “Legislative politics in Latin America.” ms.
Recommended
Shugart, "The Electoral Cycle and Institutional Sources of Divided Presidential Government," American Political Science Review 89:2 (June 1995), pp. 327‑43.
Exchange between Linz and Donald Horowitz in Journal of Democracy.
Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, "The Design of Markets and Democracies: Generalizing Across Regions," in Lijphart and Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America.
Matthew Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies, chaps. 2, 3 and 8.
Carey and Shugart, Executive Decree Authority.
Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Soberg Shugart, eds., Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America, 1997.
Michael Coppedge, “The Evolution of Latin American Party Systems,” in Mainwaring and Valenzuela, 1998.
Paper outlines and a preliminary bibliography (3-4pp.) are due on March 28.
March 28: Brazil and Chile: Political institutions; the military. Guest visit by Claudio Fuentes.
Required
Lamounier and Valenzuela in DHLL, eds., 1999.
Linz and Stepan, 1996, chaps. 11 and 13.
Stepan, “Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model,” 1999, pp. 19-34.
William C. Smith and Nizar Messari, “Democracy and Refom in Cardoso’s Brazil: Caught Between Clientelism and Global Markets?” Sept. 1998.
Hunter, "Politicians against Soldiers," 1995, pp. 425‑43.
Jorge Correa Sutil, “‘No Victorious Army Has Ever Been Prosecuted . . .’: The Unsettled Story of Transitional Justice in Chile,” in MacAdams, ed., 1997.
Recommended
Timothy Power, “The Pen is Mightier than the Congress: Presidential Decree Power in Brazil,” in Carey and Shugart, eds., 1998.
Mainwaring, Faundez and Siavelis in Mainwaring and Shugart, eds., 1997.
Mainwaring, 1999c.
Panizza and Barahona de Brito, 1998.
Pereira, 1998.
Chapters by Siavelis, Neto, Ames, Carey, Samuels, and Londregan in Morgenstern and Nacif, forthcoming.
April 4: Argentina and Peru: market-oriented reforms and political accountability
Required
Waisman and McClintock in DHLL, eds., 1999.
Linz and Stepan, 1996, chap. 12.
Susan Stokes, “Democratic Accountability and Policy Change,” 1996 and “What Do Policy Switches Tell Us about Democracy?”, 1999.
Gibson and Calvo, “Electoral Coalitions and Market Reforms: Evidence from Argentina.”
Lopez, “Private investment response to neoliberal reforms in a delegative democracy: reflections on Argentina,” 1998, pp. 441-58.
Recommended
Christopher Larkin, 1998, “Judiciary and delegative democracy in Argentina,” Comparative Politics 30 no. 4 (July): 23-43.
Gretchen Helmke, “Toward a Formal Theory of an Informal Institution: Insecure Tenure and Judicial Independence in Argentina, 1976-1995,” presented to LASA, 1998.
Chapters by Mustapic, Jones, and Eaton in Morgenstern and Nacif, forthcoming
April 11: Colombia and the Dominican Republic: the state; political violence; neopatrimonialism
Required
Hartlyn and Dugas and Hartlyn and Espinal in DHLL, eds., 1999.
Chernick, “Negotating Peace amid Multiple Forms of Violence,” in Arnson, 1999.
Recommended
Alexander Springer, 1998.
Archer and Shugart, 1997.
Collier and Collier, 1991.
Hartlyn, 1998b.
Others, tba.
April 18, April 25, May 2: Oral presentations
Final papers due Monday, May 8 at 4:00 pm.
REFERENCES (mostly for required reading)
Agüero, Felipe and Jeffrey Stark, eds. 1998. Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America. Miami: North-South Center Press.
Alvarez, Sonia, Evelina Dagnino and Arturo Escobar, eds. 1998. Cultures of Politics, Politics of Cultures: Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements. Boulder: Westview Press.
Arnson, Cynthia J., ed. 1999. Comparative Peace Processes in Latin America. Washington DC and Stanford: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Stanford University Press.
Carey, John M. and Matthew Soberg Shugart, eds. 1998. Executive Decree Authority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Collier, David. 1978. "Industrial Modernization and Political Change: A Latin American Perspective," World Politics
Collier, David. 1993. "The Comparative Method," in Ada W. Finifiter, ed., Political Science: The State of the Discipline II. Washington DC: American Political Science Association.
Collier, David and Robert Adcock. 1999. “Democracy and Dichotomies: A Pragmatic Approach to Choices about Concepts,” Annual Review of Political Science 2: 537-565.
Collier, David and Steven Levitsky. 1997. “Democracy With Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research,” World Politics 49 (April), pp. 430-51.
Collier, David and James Mahoney. 1996. “Insights and Pitfalls: Selection Bias in Qualitative Research,” World Politics 49 (October): 56-91.
Collier, Ruth Berins. 1999. Paths Toward Democracy: the Working Class and Elites in Western Europe and South America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Collier, Ruth Berins and David Collier. 1991. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Colazingari, Silvia and Susan Rose-Ackerman. 1998. “Corruption in paternalistic democracy: lessons from Italy for Latin America,” Political Science Quarterly vol. 113 no. 3 (Fall): 447-71.
Dahl, Robert. 1971. Polyarchy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Diamond, Larry. 1999. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Diamond, Larry, Jonathan Hartlyn, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset, eds. 1999. Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America, 2nd edition. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Evans, Peter, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Scocol, eds. 1985. Bringing the State Back In. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Finifiter, Ada W., ed. 1993. Political Science: The State of the Discipline II. Washington DC: American Political Science Association.
Fitch, J. Samuel. 1998. The Armed Forces and Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Gibson Edward, and Ernesto Calvo. 1997. “Electoral Coalitions and Market Reforms: Evidence from Argentina.” Presented to LASA, Guadalajara, Mexico. April.
Gunther, Richard, P. Nikiforos Diamandouros and Hans-Jürgen Puhle. 1996. “O’Donnell’s ‘Illusions’: A Rejoinder,” Journal of Democracy 7, no. 4: 151-59..
Haggard, Stephan and Robert Kaufman. 1995. The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hammergren, Linn. 1998?. “Fifteen Years of Judicial Reform in Latin America: Where we are and why we haven’t made more progress.” Unpublished ms.
Hartlyn, Jonathan. 1998. “Democracies in Contemporary South America: Convergences and Diversities,” in Joseph S. Tulchin with Allison M. Garland, eds., Argentina: The Challenges of Modernization. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources Inc., 83-116.
Hartlyn, Jonathan. 1998a. “Political Continuities, Missed Opportunities, and Institutional Rigidities: Another Look at Democratic Transitions in Latin America,” in Scott Mainwaring and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., Politics, Society, and Democracy: Latin America. Boulder: Westview Press.
Hartlyn, Jonathan. 1998b. The Struggle for Democratic Politics in the Dominican Republic. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Hartlyn, Jonathan and Arturo Valenzuela. 1994. “Democracy in Latin America since 1930,” in Leslie Bethell, ed., Cambridge History of Latin America, Vol. VI, Part 2, Latin America since 1930: Economy, Society and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 99-162.
Huber, Evelyne, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and John D. Stephens. 1997. “The Paradoxes of Contemporary Democracy: Formal, Participatory, and Social Dimensions,” Comparative Politics (April): 323-342.
Hunter, Wendy. 1995. "Politicians against Soldiers," Comparative Politics 27:4 (July): 425‑43.
Karl, Terry Lynn. 1990. "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America," Comparative Politics 23:1 (October): 1‑21.
Karl, Terry Lynn. 1997. The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Karl, Terry and Philippe C. Schmitter. 1991. “What Democracy Is . . . and Is Not,” Journal of Democracy 2, no. 3: .
Keck, Margaret. 1995. "Social Equity and Environmental Politics in Brazil: Lessons from the Rubber Tappers of Acre," Comparative Politics 27 No. 4 (July): 409-24.
Kincaid, A. Douglas and Alejandro Portes, eds. 1994. Comparative National Development: Society and Economy in the New Global Order. Chapel Hill: UNC Press.
Klarén, Peter F. and Thomas J. Bossert, eds. 1986. Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin America. Boulder: Westview Press.
Krasner, Stephen. 1999. Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Lagos, Marta. 1997. “Latin America’s Smiling Mask,” Journal of Democracy 8 (July): 125-138
Lichbach, Mark I. and Alan S. Zuckerman, eds. 1997. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Linz, Juan J. and Alfred Stepan. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Linz, Juan J. and Arturo Valenzuela, eds. 1994. The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
López, Juan J. 1998. “Private investment response to neoliberal reforms in a delegative democracy: reflections on Argentina,” Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance Vol. 38 no. 3 (Fall): 441-58.
Mainwaring, Scott and Timothy Scully, eds., 1995. Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Mainwaring, Scott and Matthew Shugart, eds. 1997. Presidentialism and Democracy in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mainwaring, Scott and Matthew Shugart. 1997a. “Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal,” Comparative Politics (July): 449-471.
Mainwaring, Scott and Arturo Valenzuela, eds. 1998. Politics, Society, and Democracy: Latin America. Boulder: Westview Press.
McAdams, A. James, ed. 1997. Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Méndez, Juan E., Guillermo O’Donnell and Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, eds. 1999. The Rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
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