INS 580

Seminar: Latin American Comparative Politics

Felipe Agüero

Fall 2000

Thursdays 3:00 – 5:30 (INS 121)

284-4796  faguero@sis.miami.edu

Course Description

            The course addresses major topics in the field of comparative politics of Latin America. Students are introduced to theoretical debates on issues of modernization, development, dependency and post-dependency, authoritarianism, corporatism, democratization, democratic breakdown, populism, patrimonialism, clientelism, regime change, public policy, parties, institutions, and civil-military relations.

            The course surveys the literature by concentrating on major books and articles that have made a mark in the comparative politics literature of Latin America, and on recent writing expressive of new approaches. In discussing the readings, students will simultaneously and systematically focus on the substantive area of research addressed as well as on the logic of inquiry, the research methodology and the structure of the argument. Seminar discussion will encourage an assessment of these works in terms of their ability to provide sound, well grounded answers to the questions they raise.  Many important readings, areas of research and regions of Latin America are unavoidably left out given the selective nature of the seminar and the limitations of time. For instance, many issues relevant to Central American politics are not systematically covered in the selected literature, and major areas of research are not included such as revolutions, or inter-american relations. Students should thus be aware that a fuller view of the comparative politics of Latin America requires additional work on their part, either individually or through other courses.

Evaluation

            This is a seminar, not a lecture course. Each session will begin with a short introduction of the material by the instructor, and then assigned students will lead off the discussion. Adequate preparation prior to the seminar meeting is essential for the active participation required. Participation in seminar discussion will count for 30 per cent of the grade. This grade will come from the quality of the student's presentation of assigned weekly reading and from regular weekly participation. The seminar format of the course demands active engagement of all students, who must read the material thoroughly and critically prior to the weekly meetings.

            In addition, students will write two short papers (6-8 pages) analyzing the readings of selected sessions. These papers should go beyond describing the material, engaging it in critical and theoretical debate, and will be used in leading weekly discussion. Specific topic assignments will be decided the first meeting, according to the number of students and their interests. These papers will be distributed by the author the day before the session to all seminar members. They will count for 40 per cent of the grade (20 per cent each). A final, take-home examination (a 12-15 page paper) will take the remaining 30 per cent of the grade.

            Students enrolled in the Ph.D. program will have an additional assignment. They are required to turn one of the short papers into a full blown paper which may be either a well developed research proposal or a research paper combining one of the seminar topics with a country or a group of countries. The choice of paper and topic must be discussed with the instructor. These papers are due the last seminar meeting.

Readings: The following books are available for purchase at Book Horizons (1110 South Dixie Highway, right next to Starbucks; phone 305-665-6161) or the University’s bookstore. Some will be read entirely, others only partially. Make sure you look at the weekly readings below before you decide your book purchases.

· Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism (Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley).

· Arturo Valenzuela, The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Chile (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978).

· Fernando López-Alves, State Formation and Democracy in Latin America, 1810-1900 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2000).

· Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).

· Barbara Geddes, Politician’s Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).

· Scott Mainwaring and Timothy Scully, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995).

· Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela eds. The Failure of Presidential Democracy vol. 2 the case of Latin America (Baltimore and London; The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).

· Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Soberg Shugart, eds. Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).

· Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz and Seymour Martin Lipset, Eds. Democracy in developing countries: Latin America (Vol. 4), (Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989).

Outline

August 24^th             Introduction

August 31^st Development: from Modernization to Dependency to Structural Adjustment

· Peter F. Klarén, “Lost Promise: Explaining Latin American Underdevelopment,” in Peter F. Klarén and Thomas J. Bossert, eds. Promise of Development: Theories of Change in Latin (Boulder: Westview Press, 1986) (KB).

· Seymour Martin Lipset, “Values, Education, and Entrepreneurship,” in KB.

· John J. Johnson, “Political Change in Latin America: The Emergence of the Middle Sectors,” in KB.

· Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, “Becoming Modern,” in Mitchell A. Seligson and John T. Passé-Smith, eds. Development and Underdevelopment: the Political Economy of Inequality (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993) (SPS).

· J. Samuel Valenzuela and Arturo Valenzuela, "Modernization and dependency: alternative

      perspectives in the study of Latin American development," Comparative Politics 10, 4 (July).

· Gary Gereffi, The Pharmaceutical Industry and Dependency in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983). (Chapter 1: Dependency Theory).

· Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery: the Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990). (Chapter 1: "The neoclassical and dependency perspectives," and Chapter 2, "Explaining development strategies").

· Gary Gereffi, "Rethinking Development Theory: Insights from East Asia and Latin America," in Douglas Kincaid and Alejandro Portes, eds. Comparative National Development: Society and Economy in the New Global Order (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1994) (KP)

· Sebastian Edwards, Crisis and Reform in Latin America: from Despair to Hope (Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press, 1995). (Selected Chapters).

· Alvaro Díaz, “New Developments in Economic and Social Restructuring in Latin America,” in William C. Smith and Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, eds. Politics, Social Change and Economic Restructuring in Latin America (Miami: North-South Center Press, 1997).

· William C. Smith and Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, “Latin America and the Second Great Transformation,” in Ibid.

Recommended

· Osvaldo Sunkel y Pedro Paz, El Subdesarrollo Latinoamericano y la Teoría del Desarrollo (México: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1970).

· Fernando Henrique Cardoso andEnzo Faletto, “Nationalism and Populism…,” in KB.

· André Gunder Frank, “The Development of Underdevelopment,” in KB.

· Theotonio Dos Santos, “The Structure of Dependence,” in SPS.

· Fernando Henrique Cardoso, “Associated-Dependent Development: Theoretical and Practical Implications,” In Alfred Stepan, ed. Authoritarian Brazil (New Haven: Yale University Press).

· A. Douglas Kincaid and Alejandro Portes, “Sociology and Development in the 1990s: Critical Challenges and Empirical Trends,” in KP.

· Fernando Fajnzylber, Unavoidable Industrial Restructuring in Latin America (Durham: Duke University Press, 1990). (Selected chapters).

· Manuel Castells and Roberto Laserna, “The New Dependency: Technological Change and Socioeconomic Restructuring in Latin America,” in KP.

· Adam Przeworski and Fernando Limongi, "Modernization: theories and facts," World Politics 49, 2, January 1997.

· Osvaldo Sunkel, ed. Development from Within: Toward a Neostructuralist Approach for Latin America (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993).

September 7            Political Development, Pluralism, Corporatism

· Robert C. Scott, “Political Parties and Policy-Making in Latin America,” in Joseph LaPalombara and Myron Weiner, eds. Political Parties and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966).

· Charles W. Anderson, Politics and Economic Change in Latin America (Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1967). (Chapter 4, "The Latin American Political System").

· James Malloy, ed. Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977). (Selected chapters).

· Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978). (Chapters 1 and 2).

· Howard Wiarda, “Social Change, Political Development, and the Latin American Tradition,” in KB.

· David Collier, “Trajectory of a Concept: “Corporatism” in the Study of Latin American Politics,” in Peter Smith, ed. Latin America in Comparative Perspective: New Approaches to Methods and Analysis (Boulder: Westview Press, 1995).

September 14            Regime Structuration, Critical Junctures, and Changing Regime Dynamics

· Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier, Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement and Regime Dynamics in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991). (Chapters 1, 2, 7 and 8)

· Kenneth M. Roberts, "Neoliberalism and the transformation of populism in Latin America: the Peruvian case," World Politics 48, 1, October 1995.

· Edward L. Gibson, "The populist road to market reform: policy and electoral coalitions in Mexico and Argentina," World Politics 49, 3, April 1997.

September 21            Regime Change: Democratic Breakdown and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism

· Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism (Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley).

· David Collier, Ed. The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University      Press, 1979). (Selected chapters by Cardoso, Hirschman, Kaufman, Serra, Collier).

· Paul Cammack, “The Political Economy of Contemporary Military Regimes in Latin America: from Bureaucratic Authoritarianism to Restructuring,” in Philip O’Brien and Paul Cammack, eds., Generals in Retreat: The Crisis of military Rule in Latin America (Manchester: Manchester University Press).

September 28            Regime Change: Structure and Agency in Democratic Breakdown

· Arturo Valenzuela, The breakdown of democratic regimes: Chile (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978).

· Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, eds. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Latin America (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978). (Chapters by Stepan, O’Donnell and Cotler).

October 5            State Formation, the Military, and Democracy

· Fernando López-Alves, State Formation and Democracy in Latin America, 1810-1900 (Durham: Duke University Press, 2000).

· George Philip. The Military in South American Politics. London. Croom Helm. 1985. (Chapters 4 and 5).

· Jeremy Adelman, “Spanish-American Leviathan? State Formation in Nineteenth-Century Spanish America,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 40, 2, 1998.

Recommended

· Alain Rouquié. The Military and the State in Latin America. (Translation). Berkeley. University of California Press. 1987.

· Alain Rouquié, “The Military in Latin American Politics since 1930,” in Leslie Bethell, ed. Latin America: Politics and Society Since 1930 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

· Brian Loveman. For la Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America. Wilmington, Delaware. Scholarly Resources Inc. 1999.

· Brian Loveman. The Constitution of Tyranny: Regimes of Exception in Spanish America. Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh university Press. 1995.

October 12            Regime Crisis and the State: the Military in Politics

· Arturo Valenzuela, "A Note on the Military and Social Science Theory," Third World Quarterly 7, 1, 1985.

· Abraham Lowenthal and J. Samuel Fitch, eds. Armies and Politics in Latin America (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1986). (Selected Chapters, especially by Nun and O’Donnell).

· Alfred Stepan, Rethinking Military Politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989).

· Felipe Agüero, “Democratic Consolidation and the Military in Southern Europe and South America,” in Richard Gunther, P. Nikiforos Diamandouros, and Hans-Jürgen Puhle, eds. The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).

· Wendy Hunter, Eroding military influence in Brazil: politicians against soldiers (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997). (Introduction and Chapter 1).

· David Pion-Berlin, Through corridors of power: institutions and civil-military relations in Argentina (College Station: Penn State University Press, 1997). (Introduction and Chapter 1).

· J. Samuel Fitch, The Armed Forces and Democracy in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998). (Chapters 1 and 2).

October 19            Leadership, Public Policy, and Strategic Choice

· Barbara Geddes, "A game theoretic model of reform in Latin American democracies," American Political Science Review 85, 2, June 1991: 371-92.

· Barbara Geddes, Politician’s Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).

Recommended

· Barry Ames, Political survival: politicians and public policy in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).

October 26            Institutions: Parties and Party Systems

· Scott Mainwaring and Timothy Scully, eds. Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). (Selected Chapters).

· Mark Jones, “The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws in Latin America and the Caribbean,” Electoral Studies 12 (1993): 59-75.

Recommended

· Scott P. Mainwaring, Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999).

· Michael Coppedge, Strong parties and lame ducks: presidential partyarchy and factionalism in Venezuela (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994).

November 2            Institutions: Presidentialism versus Parliamentarism

· Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds. The failure of presidential democracy: the case of Latin America (Vol. 2) (Baltimore and London; The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).

· Scott Mainwaring and Matthew Soberg Shugart, eds. Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).

Recommended

· Kurt von Mettenheim, ed. Presidential institutions and democratic politics: comparing regional and national contexts (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997).

· John Carey and Mathew Shugart, eds. Executive Decree Authority (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998). (Selected Chapters).

November 9            Democracy and Democratization

· Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz and Seymour Martin Lipset, Eds. Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America (Vol. 4), (Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989).

· Jonathan Hartlyn and Arturo Valenzuela, “Democracy in Latin America since 1930,” in Leslie Bethell, ed. Latin America: Politics and Society Since 1930 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

· Scott Mainwaring, “Democratic Survivability in Latin America,” in Howard Handelman and Mark Tessler, eds. Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999).

· James W. Mcguire, “Interim Government and Democratic Consolidation: Argentina in Comparative Perspective,” in Yossi Shain and Juan J. Linz, Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

Recommended

· Guillermo O’Donnell, Counterpoints: Selected Essays on Authoritarianism and Democratization (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999). (Selected Chapters).

· Scott Mainwaring, Guillermo O’Donnell and J. Samuel Valenzuela, Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992).

· Felipe Agüero, “Legacies of Transitions: Institutionalization, the Military, and Democracy in South America,” Mershon International Studies Review 42, 2, November 1998.

· Frederick C. Turner, “Reassessing Political Culture,” in Peter H. Smith, ed. Latin America in Comparative Perspective: New Approaches to Methods and Analysis (Boulder: Westview, 1995).

November 16            Problems of Democracy

· Felipe Agüero and Jeffrey Stark, eds. Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America (Miami: University of Miami. North-South Center Press, 1997). (Chapters by Agüero, Stark, Hagopian, and Holston & Caldeira).

· Guillermo O’Donnell, “On the State, Democratization, and Some Conceptual Problems: A Latin American View with Glances at Some Post-Communist Countries,” in Guillermo O’Donnell, Counterpoints: Selected Essays on Authoritarianism and Democratization (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999).

· Guillermo O’Donnell, “Poverty and Inequality in Latin America: Some Political Reflections,” in Ibid.

· Kurt Weyland, Democracy without equity: failures of reform in Brazil (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996). (Chapter 8).

· Eric Hershberg, “Democracy and Its Discontents: Constraints on Political Citizenship in Latin America,” in Howard Handelman and Mark Tessler, eds. Democracy and its Limits: Lessons from Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1999).

· Pilar Domingo, “Judicial Independence and Judicial Reform in Latin America,” in Andreas Schedler, Larry Diamond, and Marc Plattner, eds. The Self-Restraining State: Power and Accountability in New Democracies (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999).

· Deborah J. Yashar, “Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America,” World Politics 52, 1, October 1999.

· Inter-American Development Bank, Development Beyond Economics: Economic and Social Progress in Latin America, 2000 Report (Washington D.C.: Inter-American Development Bank, 2000).

Recommended

· Larry Diamond, “Democracy in Latin America,” in Tom Farer, ed. Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas  (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).

· Journal of Democracy 10, 3, July 1999. (Articles in the section: “Latin America’s Imperiled Progress).

· Jorge I. Domínguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing democratic governance: Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s: themes and issues (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). (Selected Chapters).

· Elizabeth Jelin and Eric Hershberg, eds. Constructing democracy: human rights, citizenship, and society in Latin America (Boulder: Westview, 1996). (Selected Chapters).

· Juan E. Méndez, Guillermo O’Donnell and Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, eds. The (Un)Rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America (Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1999). (Selected Chapters).

· Larry Diamond, Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999). (Selected Chapters).

· A. James McAdams, ed. Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies (Notre Dame; University of Notre Dame Press, 1997).

· Douglas A. Chalmers et al., eds. The new politics of inequality in Latin America: rethinking participation and representation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).

· Kees Koonings and Dirk Kruijt, eds. Societies of Fear: The Legacy of Civil War, Violence and Terror in Latin America (London: Zed Books, 1999).

November 30            Social Movements and Civil Society

· Philip Oxhorn, Organizing civil society: the popular sectors and the struggle for democracy in Chile (Penn State Press, 1994). (Chapter 1).

· Ruth Berins Collier and James Mahoney, "Adding Collective Actors to Collective Outcomes: Labor and Recent Democratization in South America and Southern Europe," Comparative Politics 23, Spring 1997.

· Deborah J. Yashar, “Indigenous Protest and Democracy in Latin America,” in Jorge I. Domínguez and Abraham F. Lowenthal, eds., Constructing democratic governance: Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s: themes and issues (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).

· Kathryn A. Sikkink, “Nongovernmental Organizations, Democracy, and Human Rights in Latin America,” in Tom Farer, ed. Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas  (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).

· Jane S. Jaquette, “Rewriting the Scripts: Gender in the Comparative Study of Latin American Politics,” in Peter H. Smith, ed. Latin America in Comparative Perspective: New Approaches to Methods and Analysis (Boulder: Westview, 1995).

· Alison Brysk, “Democratizing Civil Society in Latin America,” Journal of Democracy 11, 3, July 2000.

Recommended

· Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino and Arturo Escobar, eds., Cultures of Politics, Politics of Culture: Re-visioning Latin American Social Movements (Boulder: Westview Press, 1995).

· Susan C. Stokes, Cultures in conflict: social movements and the state in Peru (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).

· Jane S. Jacquette, ed. The Women’s Movement in Latin America: Participation and Democracy (Boulder: Westview Press, 1994).

· Daniel Levine, "Bridging the gap between empowerment and power in Latin America," in Susanne Hoeber Rudolph and James Pescatori, Transnational religions and fading states (Boulder: Westview 1997).

· Daniel Levine, ed. Constructing culture and power in Latin America (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1993).

· Juan E. Corradi, Patricia Weiss Fagen and Manuel Antonio Garretón, eds. Fear at the Edge: State Terror and Resistance in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992).